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The Smart Pipe® concept centers on a monitorable pipe liner that is a composite of various thermoplastic materials in monolithic and fibrous form.   The Smart Pipe® concept centers on a monitorable pipe liner that is a composite of various thermoplastic materials in monolithic and fibrous form. The liner is manufactured in a portable factory that starts with a polyethylene core pipe upon which a combination of longitudinal and co-helically wrapped fabrics, tapes and tows made of ultra high strength fibers, and fiber optic sensors, are positioned in stages. After being encased with a thin outer protective layer, the liner material is deformed into a “C” shape for insertion into a host pipe or riser. After being pulled into the host pipe, it is reformed into a tight fitting liner that is capable of sustaining very high internal pressures, external impacts, and bending stresses, while permitting continual condition monitoring.   Aim of monitoring:   The monitoring system consists of three (or more) SMARTProfile sensing cables that are placed over the reinforcement fabric and, a reading instrument and system software. Each of the three SMARTProfile cables, which are distributed uniformly around the circumference, has multiple optical fibers for redundancy. The fibers are enclosed in a gel filled tube with at least one optical fiber on each side of the tube. The optical fibers in the gel measure temperature changes without being influenced by strain. The optical fibers mounted adjacent to the tube respond to strains in the tight fit liner. In addition, free optical fibers can be used for communication purposes. The aim of the monitoring system is to provide the information concerning the structural condition such as deformation and deformed shape, but also to detect damages such as cracks or leakage.   Main results:   The preliminary tests were performed using DiTeSt and MuST technologies confirming the feasibility and performance. At this stage the results are not disclosed. INSTALLATION PERIOD TYPE OF SENSORS NUMBER OF SENSORS 2005 – 2009 DiTeSt / DiTemp , MuST 10 Related Papers: Fibre Optic Methods for Structural Health Monitoring, Branko Glisic and Daniele Inaudi, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd – 2007 The Development and Validation of a High Strength, Self Monitoring, Composite, Tight Fit Liner for Offshore Pipelines and Risers, K. Bethel, S. C. Catha, A. Ekelund, J. Gallagher, K.R. Charbonneau, M. F. Kanninen, I. Mandich, R. Stonesifer, and W.D. Stringfellow , Fourth International Conference on Composite Materials for Offshore Operations. Houston, TX, October 4-6 – 2005 Fiber Optic Sensing for Innovative Oil & Gas Production and Transport Systems, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, 18th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, October 23-27, Cancun, Mexico – 2006 Long-Range Pipeline Monitoring By Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, 6th International Pipeline Conference September 25 – 29, 2006, Calgary, Alberta, Canada – 2006 Smart Pipe concept and elements

The main aim has been to demonstrate the feasibility relative easy integration of this kind of innovative leakage detection system based on distributed fibre optic technology The area available for the test has allowed the use of approx. 200m polyethylene pipeline buried under 1m of argillaceous soil. The leakage simulation was achieved by hot water injection in the soil through several valves at different positions along the pipe.   Aim of monitoring: The main aim has been to demonstrate the feasibility relative easy integration of this kind of innovative leakage detection system based on distributed fibre optic technology   Main results: The Smartec sensing cable was able to detect any simulated leakage, by localizing every single temperature variation within different border conditions. INSTALLATION PERIOD TYPE OF SENSORS NUMBER OF SENSORS 2007 DiTeSt / DiTemp 2 Related Papers: Pipeline Leakage Detection and Localization Using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, A. Figini, R. Walder, Rio Pipeline Conference 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, October 2-4 – 2007 Detection And Localization of Micro-Leakages Using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing, Daniele Inaudi, Riccardo Belli, Roberto Walder, 7th International Pipeline Conference, IPC2008, 29th September – 3rd October 2008 , Calgary, Alberta, Canada – 2008 An overview of the excavation An overview of the oil company plant

The Transitgas pipeline is 292 km long, and transports natural gas mostly from the Netherlands and from Norway to Italy The Transitgas pipeline is 292 km long, and transports natural gas mostly from the Netherlands and from Norway to Italy.   The 48” pipeline crosses central Switzerland and the Alps and continues towards the south. After having crossed most of the Alps, it arrives at the Gries Massif, where it reaches Italian territory in a tunnel at an elevation of 2400 m. With its capacity of transporting, the pipeline is a key component of the European natural gas system and transports almost 15% of all the imported gas into Italy. The pipe crosses an unstable area in Berner Oberland that would threaten the security of gas supply. In 2010 the pipeline was severely affected by mudflows, with the interruption of gas transportation. To resume and ensure the service the pipeline needed to be rerouted and monitored. Totally 36 MuST fiber optic sensors were bonded onto critical points along 500 meter of pipe crossing to assuring a continuous and automatic monitoring of the pipe along its critical sections. The pipeline cross the Aare river and the crossing is still interested from mudflow and a lot of material could be moved downstream with the pipeline. All the data coming from the various monitored sections are sent via the remote control system to be processed at the remote control center at 70 km from the site and an overview on the state and behavior of the pipeline can be viewed on different screens. The software is able to trigger alerts (SMS, mail or phone call) and show warnings on the display when strain and tension parameters in the pipe are exceeding the preset alarm thresholds. As such, the pipeline is controlled and the pipeline operator can monitor its integrity thanks to reliable information on the actual behavior of the pipe and so take supported decisions and prevent costly pipeline shutdowns. Aim of monitoring: Pipeline strain monitoring to assure a continuous and automatic monitoring of the pipe along its critical sections. The pipeline cross the Aare river and the crossing is interested from mudflow and a lot of material could be moved downstream with the pipeline. INSTALLATION PERIOD TYPE OF SENSORS NUMBER OF SENSORS 2011 MuST 36 Related Papers: Long-Range Pipeline Monitoring By Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, 6th International Pipeline Conference September 25 – 29, 2006, Calgary, Alberta, Canada – 2006 Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing for Long-Range Pipeline Monitoring, Daniele Inaudi, Branko Glisic, The 3rd International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure – SHMII-3, November 13-16 – (on conference CD) – 2007 48” steel pipe FBG sensor with tape protection

The Transitgas pipeline is 292 km long, and transports natural gas mostly from the Netherlands and from Norway to Italy The Transitgas pipeline is 292 km long, and transports natural gas mostly from the Netherlands and from Norway to Italy. The 48” pipeline crosses central Switzerland and the Alps and continues towards the south. After having crossed most of the Alps, it arrives at the Gries Massif, where it reaches Italian territory in a tunnel at an elevation of 2400 m. With its capacity of transporting, the pipeline is a key component of the European natural gas system and transports almost 15% of all the imported gas into Italy. The pipe crosses an unstable area in Berner Oberland that would threaten the security of gas supply. In 2010 the pipeline was severely affected by mudflows, with the interruption of gas transportation. To resume and ensure the service the pipeline needed to be rerouted and monitored. Totally 36 MuST fiber optic sensors were bonded onto critical points along 500 meter of pipe crossing to assuring a continuous and automatic monitoring of the pipe along its critical sections. The pipeline cross the Aare river and the crossing is still interested from mudflow and a lot of material could be moved downstream with the pipeline. All the data coming from the various monitored sections are sent via the remote control system to be processed at the remote control center at 70 km from the site and an overview on the state and behavior of the pipeline can be viewed on different screens. The software is able to trigger alerts (SMS, mail or phone call) and show warnings on the display when strain and tension parameters in the pipe are exceeding the preset alarm thresholds. As such, the pipeline is controlled and the pipeline operator can monitor its integrity thanks to reliable information on the actual behavior of the pipe and so take supported decisions and prevent costly pipeline shutdowns. Aim of monitoring: Pipeline strain monitoring to assure a continuous and automatic monitoring of the pipe along its critical sections. The pipeline cross the Aare river and the crossing is interested from mudflow and a lot of material could be moved downstream with the pipeline.   INSTALLATION PERIOD TYPE OF SENSORS NUMBER OF SENSORS 2011 MuST 36 Related Papers: Long-Range Pipeline Monitoring By Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, 6th International Pipeline Conference September 25 – 29, 2006, Calgary, Alberta, Canada – 2006 Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing for Long-Range Pipeline Monitoring, Daniele Inaudi, Branko Glisic, The 3rd International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure – SHMII-3, November 13-16 – (on conference CD) – 2007 48” steel pipe FBG sensor with tape protection  

Install a leakage detection system capable of monitoring the temperature profile along a section of the oil pipeline   The structure being monitored is a section of an oil pipeline with a length of approximately 6km, located in the Padana flat (north of Italy). The sensing cable was integrated around 10cm below the pipe and it lies on a sand bed. The DiTemp monitoring system has a max range of 4km with 2 Ch, and consequently it was located about in the middle of the 6km section.   Aim of monitoring: Install a leakage detection system capable of monitoring the temperature profile along a section of the oil pipeline.   INSTALLATION PERIOD TYPE OF SENSORS 2008 – 2009 SOFO Main results: Temperature profile along the pipeline. Checking of the sensing cable by OTDR

The progress of a landslide over time can damage pipelines and put them out of service     The progress of a landslide over time can damage pipelines and put them out of service. Three symmetrically disposed vibrating wires, chosen as the most at risk according to a preliminary engineering evaluation, were installed in several sections at a distance of 50/100 m. These sensors were very helpful, but could not fully cover the length of the pipeline and could only provide local measurements. Aim of monitoring: Three types of sensors were used: SMARTape, SMARTcord and Temperature Sensing Cable. The SMARTape sensor consists of a sensing optical fibre integrated into the 200 micrometers thick fibre-reinforced composite tape. Three parallel lines constituted of five segments of this sensor were installed over the whole length of the concerned area. The lengths of segments ranged from 71 m to 132 m and the position of the sensors, with respect to the pipeline axis, were at 0°, 120° and –120° approximately. The strain resolution of the SMARTape is 20 micro-strains, with a spatial resolution of 1.5 m and an acquisition range of 0.25m, which provides monitoring of average strains, average curvatures, and the deformed shape of the pipeline. The SMARTcord sensor consists of a sensing optical fibre integrated into the fibre of a reinforced plastic cord with a diameter of 6 millimetres. Below the pipeline, a single 500 meter long sensor was installed in the soil to monitor the strain changes. The resolution of the SMARTcord is the same as for SMARTape. These measurements have been correlated with the SMARTape measurements in order to evaluate the strain transfer from the soil to the pipeline. The Temperature Sensing Cable was installed onto the upper line (0°) of the pipeline in order to compensate the strain measurements for temperature. The temperature resolution of the sensor is 1°C with the same resolution and acquisition of the SMARTape. All the sensors are connected to a Central Measurement Point by means of extension optical cables and connection boxes. They are read from this point by using a single DiTeSt® reading unit. Since the landslide process is slow, the measurements sessions are performed once a month. In case of an earthquake, a series of measurements are performed immediately after the event. All the measurements obtained with the DiTeSt® system will be correlated with the measurements obtained with vibrating wires. Main results: At present stage, all the sensors are successfully installed and the first measurement session was performed. A gas leakage simulation was performed with success using the temperature sensing cable. INSTALLATION PERIOD TYPE OF SENSORS NUMBER OF SENSORS 2003 DiTeSt / DiTemp , SOFO 23 Related Papers: Fibre Optic Methods for Structural Health Monitoring, Branko Glisic and Daniele Inaudi, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd – 2007 Overview of fibre optic sensing to structural health monitoring applications, D. Inaudi, ISISS’2005, International Symposium on Innovation & Sustainability of Structures in Civil Engineering, Nanjing, China, November 20-22 – 2005 Field Applications of Fiber Optic Strain and Temperature Monitoring Systems, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, Opto-electronic Sensor-based Monitoring in Geo-engineering,Nanjing, P.R.China, November 23-24 – 2005 Application of distributed Fiber Optic Sensory for SHM, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, 2nd International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure (SHMII-2’2005), Shenzhen, China, November 16-18 – 2005 Reliability and field testing of distributed strain and temperature sensors, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, SPIE Smart Structures and Materials Conference in San Diego. 2006 February 27, March 2 – 2006 Distributed Fiber optic Strain and Temperature Sensing for Structural Health Monitoring, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, IABMAS’06 The Third Int’l Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, 16 – 19 July 2006, Porto, Portugal – 2006 Long-Range Pipeline Monitoring By Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, 6th International Pipeline Conference September 25 – 29, 2006, Calgary, Alberta, Canada – 2006 Health monitoring with optical fiber sensors: from human body to civil structures, Éric Pinet, Caroline Hamel, Branko Glišic, Daniele Inaudi, Nicolae Miron , 14th SPIE Annual Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials & Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, San Diego (CA), USA – (6532-19) – 2007 Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing for Long-Range Pipeline Monitoring, Daniele Inaudi, Branko Glisic, The 3rd International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure – SHMII-3, November 13-16 – (on conference CD) – 2007 Pipeline Leakage Detection and Localization Using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, A. Figini, R. Walder, Rio Pipeline Conference 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, October 2-4 – 2007 Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors: Novel Tools for the Monitoring of Large Structures, Daniele Inaudi, Branko Glisic, Geotechnical News – (Volume 25, Number 3, Pages 8-12) – 2007]  

In order to cover the entire length of the pipeline, it was decided to use two DiTeSt analyzers even though one instrument would have been theoretically able to cover the whole distance. In 2002 the construction began for a natural gas storage facility 1500 m underground in the area of Berlin, Germany. Building underground caverns for gas storage in large rock-salt formation requires hot water and produces large quantities of water saturated with salt (so-called brine). In most cases the brine cannot be processed on-site and must be transported by a pipeline to the location where it can either be used for chemical processes or injected back safely into the ground. Since the brine can be harmful for the environment, the pipeline should be monitored by a leakage detection system. In the Berlin project, a 55 km pipeline was built.   Aim of monitoring: In order to cover the entire length of the pipeline, it was decided to use two DiTeSt analyzers even though one instrument would have been theoretically able to cover the whole distance. However, the installation of the fiber cable required some 60 splices (that correspond to an additional loss of up to 3 dB) which reduced the distance range of the instrument accordingly and justified the use of two instruments. The selected sensing cable is a customized version of a standard armored telecommunication fiber optics cable for underground applications. The cable includes the optical fibers used for temperature monitoring, fibers for data communication between the instruments and the control room, and additional spare fibers. During the construction phase the fiber cable was first placed in the trench and buried in the sand some 10 cm underneath the pipeline. The position of the cable with respect to the pipeline is important in order to guarantee that all leakages are detected. The position of the sensing cable is a trade-off between the maximum contrast in the case of a leakage and the assurance to detect leakages occurring from every point of the tube’s circumference. Both DiTeSt instruments are installed in dedicated buildings (gate II and gate V respectively). Each instrument is responsible for the monitoring of half of the total distance and an optical switch is used to select the section to be monitored: the longest fiber section is 16.85 km. The central computer located in the control room in Rüdersdorf can communicate with the instrument through an optical LAN that makes use of the available fibers in the sensing cable. The temperature profiles measured by both DiTeSt instruments are transferred every 30 minutes to the central PC and further processed for leakage detection.   Installation Period  Type of Sensor Number of Sensors 2005 DiTeSt / DiTemp 4 Main results: The pipeline construction phase was completed in November 2002 and the pipeline was put into operation in January 2003. In July 2003,  the first leakage was detected by the monitoring system. It was later found that the leakage was accidentally caused by the excavation work in the vicinity of the pipeline.   Related Papers:   Fibre Optic Methods for Structural Health Monitoring, Branko Glisic and Daniele Inaudi, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd – 2007 Leakage detection using fiber optics distributed temperature monitoring, M. Niklès, B. Vogel, F. Briffod, S., F. Sauser, S. Luebbecke, A. Bals, Th. Pfeiffer , 11th SPIE’s Annual International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials, March 14-18, 2004, San Diego, USA – (Vol. 5384) – 2004 Long-Range Pipeline Monitoring By Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, 6th International Pipeline Conference September 25 – 29, 2006, Calgary, Alberta, Canada – 2006

The Esperanza project, located in the Antofagasta Region of northern Chile, involves the mining and processing of ore to produce concentrate containing copper, gold, silver and molybdenum     The Esperanza project, located in the Antofagasta Region of northern Chile, involves the mining and processing of ore to produce concentrate containing copper, gold, silver and molybdenum. Concentrate from the mine is transported by a dedicated 154 km pipeline to a Pacific port for water extraction of the pulp, storage and shipment. The project employ new and innovative processes for a large-scale mining operation including the use of sea water and a detection system to prevent accidental leaks of both pipeline’s contents and allow the Esperanza project to meet the highest environmental standards. Two leak detection analyzers are installed along the pipe generating continuous optical signals into optical fiber cables of a SCADA system that provides data transmission along the pipeline. A real time notification and alert system ensures that any accidental concentrate or sea water leakages are immediately reported to the pipeline operator who can close the appropriate valves to stop the flow of materials. With the location of any leaks pinpointed, corrective measures can be undertaken at minimal time and expense.   Aim of monitoring:   Leak detection system for a pair of 154 km parallel pipelines that transport mining concentrates and industrial salt water for the Esperanza copper gold mine.   Related Papers: Long-Range Pipeline Monitoring By Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, 6th International Pipeline Conference September 25 – 29, 2006, Calgary, Alberta, Canada – 2006 Pipeline Leakage Detection and Localization Using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing, D. Inaudi, B. Glisic, A. Figini, R. Walder, Rio Pipeline Conference 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, October 2-4 – 2007 Detection And Localization of Micro-Leakages Using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing, Daniele Inaudi, Riccardo Belli, Roberto Walder, 7th International Pipeline Conference, IPC2008, 29th September – 3rd October 2008 , Calgary, Alberta, Canada – 2008 Detection and Localization of Micro and Multiphase Leakages Using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing, D. Inaudi, R. Belli, F. Gasparoni, F. Bruni, A. Parente, M. Zecchin, 3rd Iranian Pipe and Pipelines Conference, May 25-25th, Tehran, Iran – 2011 Detection and localization of micro leakages in multiphase pipelines using distributed fiber optic sensing, Daniele Inaudi, Riccardo Belli, Francesco Gasparoni, Federico Bruni, Angelo Parente, Maurizio Zecchin, RIO OIL&GAS – 2012   INSTALLATION PERIOD TYPE OF SENSORS NUMBER OF SENSORS 2010 – 2012 DiTeSt / DiTemp 2 View on the desalination and filtration plant at Michilla port on the Pacific

Chemical and inflammable substances (e.g. ammonia, chlorine, LPG, peroxides) can be at the origin of toxic gas releases, fires or explosions, which can have severe consequences on installations and nearby surroundings (environment and neighborhood). SMARTEC's Fiber-optic distributed leakage detection system is SIL 2 rated and allow a very rapid detection and localization of small leakages of such toxic substances, enabling quick reaction and minimizing the released volume. of such toxic substances, enabling quick reaction and minimizing the released volume.     We are a leading expert in chemical plant monitoring. We have installed instruments for chemical pipelines of all types world-wide and would like to support your next toxic pipeline monitoring project. BENEFITS OF OUR INTEGRATED CHEMICAL PLANT SAFETY MONITORING SOLUTIONS State of the art system Identify and localize small leaks by employing fiber-optic technology within a spatial accuracy of one meter. Continuous monitoring 24/7 Operate a continuous and autonomous system so you can permanently monitor your installation providing fast response time. Easy installation, operation and maintenance System incorporates a small and electrically passive fiber-optic monitoring system which requires no maintenance. Reliability Employs redundancy and self-testing capabilities to reach a SIL-2 certification level. Technology Provide fiber-optic leak monitoring system technology which has been successfully installed since 2001. PROJECTS & CASE STUDIES Ammonia pipeline, Yara Ravenna ( Italy , 2005 - 2006 ) Ammonia Pipeline, Yara Le Havre ( France , 2010 - 2011 ) Ammonia Pipeline, PEC RHIN ( France , 2010 - 2011 )