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Nuclear Power Plants   According to regional, national and international regulations, Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) need to be able to mitigate potential effects of an earthquake.  Such mitigation can be achieved by utilising specific instrumentation for monitoring the earthquake ground motions and the response of the plant features to these motions.  This type of instrumentation is called Seismic Monitoring System (SMS). Main functions of the SMS are:  Detection of any (significant) earthquake at plant location Provide data records of acceleration at defined locations Perform OBE/SSE exceedance evaluation Provide a report to the plant operator after an event Periodical self test execution GeoSIG delivers complete SMSs for the NPP applications. These systems; Comply fully or exceed regional, national and international nuclear regulatory requirements Come with comprehensive certification and documentation, which can as well be supplied from scratch for any particular requirement. Include powerful industrial computer for complex data processing based on different algorithms including response spectra analysis Perform automatic analysis and evaluation of the earthquake impact on monitored structures Provide comprehensive and fast notification and reporting features Warrant the robustness, reliability and functionality to serve it main purpose Include self diagnostic and testing features to assure continuous system readiness to act once in a life Present simplicity of operation, maintenance and upgrade  Leaflet Seismic Monitoring and Shutdown leaflet Seismic Monitoring of NPP Brochure

Structural Analysis Consultancy   With some complex structures, due to size or shape, it is more difficult to determine which instruments are needed or where they should be installed for efficacy. However, expert structural analysis is available. GeoSIG — through a strategic alliance with Dr. Farzad Naeim, an internationally renowned expert in structural health monitoring — can offer consultancy and turnkey solutions for structural health monitoring of all types of structures including high-rise buildings, public buildings, bridges, tunnels and other special structures. Using the expertise of the highly respected Dr. Farzad Naeim, who boasts over 35 years' experience and publications ranging from textbooks to journal papers, you can have peace of mind that your structure is safely surveyed and the most reliable solution is specified. GeoSIG, with more than 25 years' expertise in structural monitoring solutions, can fulfil the requirements of the most challenging structure. Click here to visit his Website, or look over the solutions leaflet to see what we can offer. Consider a typical office building with up to 500 people working in it. After a substantial natural or manmade disaster; the building’s owners would typically need to have a structural safety survey done before allowing the office workers back in to the building.  The process can take from many hours to a number of days depending on the size of the building and the suspected damage.  However, had the proprietor installed a live monitoring system; he would have been able to instantly say whether the safety levels had been breached. What is the cost of the survey? What is the cost of lost time due to 500 office workers being idle?  Leaflet Structural Analysis Consultancy Buliding Health Monitoring  

Structural Analysis Consultancy With some complex structures, due to size or shape, it is more difficult to determine which instruments are needed or where they should be installed for efficacy. However, expert structural analysis is available. GeoSIG — through a strategic alliance with Dr. Farzad Naeim, an internationally renowned expert in structural health monitoring — can offer consultancy and turnkey solutions for structural health monitoring of all types of structures including high-rise buildings, public buildings, bridges, tunnels and other special structures. Using the expertise of the highly respected Dr. Farzad Naeim, who boasts over 35 years' experience and publications ranging from textbooks to journal papers, you can have peace of mind that your structure is safely surveyed and the most reliable solution is specified. GeoSIG, with more than 25 years' expertise in structural monitoring solutions, can fulfil the requirements of the most challenging structure.  Our Solutions for Structural Health and Response Monitoring GMS Series Recorders for distributed and hybrid systems CR-6 Series Modular Multichannel Recording System for central and hybrid systems A wide variety of high quality sensors to measure acceleration, velocity, displacement, strain, tilt and environmental phenomena. Software solutions with highly customisable options What is Structural Health and Response Monitoring? Structural Health and Response Monitoring is an innovative method of monitoring structural status and performance without otherwise affecting the structure itself. Structural Health and Response Monitoring utilises several types of sensors embedded in, or attached to a structure to detect exceedance of allowed performance criteria as well as identify and verify structural behaviour.  Why Structural Health and Response Monitoring? The strength and serviceability of a structure can be considerably reduced by natural or human-made events, and increased levels of use Utilising Structural Health and Response Monitoring systems, timely notifications about any potential problems can be generated and behaviour of the structure can be monitored. The emerging use of Structural Health and Response Monitoring especially in the last decade, is a result of the increasing need for the monitoring of innovative designs and materials as well as a better management of existing structures.  What are the advantages of Structural Health and Response Monitoring? GeoSIG Structural Health and Response Monitoring systems not only help reducing risks and costs, but also help avoiding disaster by its notifications which allows to initiate early damage detection and therefore helps saving lives as well as assets.  In case of any evacuation of the structure due to a transient event (such as an earthquake), the system allows to rapidly evaluate the structural response thus provides a highly useful measure for decision making whether to allow the occupants back in or to initiate a more comprehensive inspection before doing so. The ideal GeoSIG Structural Health and Response Monitoring system provides you with on-demand information about your structure's measured features, as well as warnings concerning any exceedance detected. Therefore Structural Health and Response Monitoring also significantly reduces repair costs through early damage detection, making the monitored structure safer and increasing the cost efficiency of its maintenance.  Structural Health and Response Monitoring can significantly reduce insurance premiums for those operating - or in charge of - the safety of infrastructure such as bridges, railways or tunnels. increased understanding of in-situ structural behaviour and decreased down-time for inspection and repair.

NPP Beznau, Switzerland Download NPP Beznau, Switzerland Case Study   Background The Beznau nuclear power plant in Döttingen (Canton of Aargau), Switzerland, is the world’s oldest nuclear power plant in commercial operation, having produced energy since September 1969. It is part of the Swiss energy utility Axpo. The Beznau power plant is composed of two identical pressurized water reactor units (Beznau 1 and Beznau 2). The nuclear power industry is one where each country sets its own detailed quality and safety specifications within a framework that typically could include a high profile customer working in conjunction with consultants, safety bodies, main contractors and other interested parties as and when power generation requirements (either existing or new) reach a review stage.   Challenge   The scope of the Beznau Project was of a Seismic Monitoring System required to ensure that the Nuclear Power Station can receive sufficient warning to be safely shut down when seismic waves (motions) or other ambient dynamic earth activity has been detected by monitoring systems.   Solution GeoSIG demonstrates the broad understanding of such complex business-to-business relationships by having completed nuclear power station projects for identified customers through representatives in key areas around the world. GeoSIG collaborates with a number of affiliates within the nuclear industry to ensure that their measuring instruments work within complete monitoring systems that meet output customer reporting requirements. The project scope included developing and improving nuclear emergency and safety measures as well as awareness of the needs to contribute to regional seismic data management systems. To accomplish this, the project called for installation of six AC-23 triaxial accelerometers, six GSR-18 strong motion recorders, an SMS central processing system with GeoDAS software, and a fiberoptic communication interface. The outputs are three nuclear power station system alarm levels: trigger, calculated, and system failure. Data is stored on an event basis, then laser printed as three-component time history. Another Solution using GeoSIG instruments, effectively showing that quality and reliability can also be cost-effective. 

NPP Beznau, Switzerland Download NPP Beznau, Switzerland Case Study   Background The Beznau nuclear power plant in Döttingen (Canton of Aargau), Switzerland, is the world’s oldest nuclear power plant in commercial operation, having produced energy since September 1969. It is part of the Swiss energy utility Axpo. The Beznau power plant is composed of two identical pressurized water reactor units (Beznau 1 and Beznau 2). The nuclear power industry is one where each country sets its own detailed quality and safety specifications within a framework that typically could include a high profile customer working in conjunction with consultants, safety bodies, main contractors and other interested parties as and when power generation requirements (either existing or new) reach a review stage.   Challenge The scope of the Beznau Project was of a Seismic Monitoring System required to ensure that the Nuclear Power Station can receive sufficient warning to be safely shut down when seismic waves (motions) or other ambient dynamic earth activity has been detected by monitoring systems.   Solution GeoSIG demonstrates the broad understanding of such complex business-to-business relationships by having completed nuclear power station projects for identified customers through representatives in key areas around the world. GeoSIG collaborates with a number of affiliates within the nuclear industry to ensure that their measuring instruments work within complete monitoring systems that meet output customer reporting requirements. The project scope included developing and improving nuclear emergency and safety measures as well as awareness of the needs to contribute to regional seismic data management systems. To accomplish this, the project called for installation of six AC-23 triaxial accelerometers, six GSR-18 strong motion recorders, an SMS central processing system with GeoDAS software, and a fiberoptic communication interface. The outputs are three nuclear power station system alarm levels: trigger, calculated, and system failure. Data is stored on an event basis, then laser printed as three-component time history. Another Solution using GeoSIG instruments, effectively showing that quality and reliability can also be cost-effective. 

Download W Hotel & Residence Project, Hollywood, USA Case Study   Background   Located on the corner of Hollywood and Vine on the world famous Walk of Fame in Hollywood, California, the W Hotel and Residence project was planned to be the linchpin of the Hollywood renaissance. The mixed-use project comprises an 11-story hotel with 305 rooms, a 15-story residential tower with 143 condominium units, and three levels of subterranean parking. In the same complex are also four residential towers, 8-12 stories each, with 374 total apartments, as well as parking on five levels above grade and two levels below grade.   Challenge   The Hollywood fault is an active fault (approximately 14 km in length) located along the Los Angeles basin’s northern edge; it is part of a system of seismically active folds/faults that make up the transition zone between the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges. It has never produced a significant earthquake in recorded history, but if the fault eventually ruptures by itself its size and geology could produce a sizeable quake approximately every 1,600 years, according to USGS. If the Hollywood fault is actually a continuation of the somewhat larger nearby Raymond Fault, they say, the combined strength of a rupture along both faults could produce a high-magnitude quake, though such an event would likely happen only once every 3,000 to 5,000 years. However remote, there is always this possibility. Such a large complex of many stories — which houses so many people — requires high-rise building monitoring both for the safety of the people and for the structural health of the complex itself.   Solution   Our Partner — Seismic Systems in Simi Valley, California, USA — specializes in purchasing, installation, and service of earthquake and monitoring equipment. They helped develop a custom solution for Webcor Buildings of Hollywood, CA, regarding the W Hotel and Residence project, which included 14 x GSR-12LFDC digitisers, 14 x AC-43i force balance accelerometers (fully integrated into the GSR-12LFDC), and 14 x GXR-ICCC interconnection sets. The project did not use any central recorders, with the GSR-12 instruments interconnected with common timing and trigger, located in five different towers within the building complex. The seismic instrumentation is interconnected with cables. Data is stored on the event basis in case a dynamic event is detected. Another Solution using GeoSIG instruments and a capable Partner effectively showing that quality and reliability can also be cost-effective.

  Download Preveza Tunnel, Greece Case Study   Background   Throughout history, the strait that separates mainland Greece from Epirus in the Ambracian Gulf was crossed only by ferry boat with frequent problems due to rough seas, lack of night routes and long waiting hours during summer. In the mid-1990s, Greece sought to remedy this problem by constructing an immersed tunnel between Preveza and Aktio -- one of the nation’s most expensive public works. The tunnel was completed in 2002.   Challenge   One aspect of the Preveza-Aktio immersed tunnel project was to provide a seismic tunnel monitoring system, where the tunnel equipment monitored the seismic effects of earth activity alongside the dynamic loads of natural transportation movements whether planned or by any unforeseen event. The scope included expansion or contraction surveillance due to the intensity of temperature changes impacting on the tunnel monitoring environment through whatever reason.   Solution   GeoSIG, through its Partner Eurotech SA, was able to provide four triaxial force balance accelerometers, 44 linear variable displacement transluder sensors, 2 meteorological sensors to measure humidity and temperature, and a data acquisition and processing center with GeoDAS software. The data is then assessed and compared to tunnel data recorded against seismic design criteria applicable to tunnel structural design and construction. Improvements to tunnel emergency and safety measuring solutions as well as awareness also featured alongside the needs to appropriately maintain tunnel data management systems given the wider scope of measuring solutions possible within this segment owing to geographical location. A control center monitors the entire tunnel, hosting equipment responsible for the operation and monitoring of the project and various other systems responsible for the safe and proper use of the undersea tunnel. What used to be a sometimes maddening undertaking to cross the strait has now become simplicity itself. Drivers using the undersea tunnel can cross the distance in 1 to 1.5 minutes driving a maximum speed of 60 km/h, and they are confident they can do so safely thanks to the measures undertaken by all participants in the project, including GeoSIG and its Partner Eurotech SA. Another Solution using GeoSIG instruments and a capable Partner demonstrating that quality and reliabiilty can also be cost effective.

  Download Øresund Bridge Case Study   Background   The strait between Sweden and Denmark can be crossed by a combined railway and motorway bridge named Øresund Bridge, which runs nearly 8 km from the Swedish coast to an artificial island (Peberholm) in the middle of the strait. From there travelers take the Drogden Tunnel the 4 km from Peberholm to the Danish island of Amager. The Øresund Bridge connects Copenhagen, Denmark, and Malmö, Sweden; and it is noted for being the longest combined road and rail bridge in Europe.   Challenge   Øresund is an impressive highway and railway link consisting of an immersed tunnel, artificial island and a combination bridge requiring observation of the oscillations of cables of the stayed bridge under heavy wind conditions. The scope of the Øresund project was to deliver a Cable Stayed Bridge Structural Monitoring System.    Solution   The bridge system solution monitors the deflections of the bridge under loads generated by highway and railway traffic. Excesses of any threshold values are recorded and managed from an on-site traffic control centre.   The system comprises 105 channels and a data acquisition and processing centre; and digital RS-485 cable communication with provision for 15 hours’ autonomy in case of power failure. Temperature/environmental data correlation are made alongside strain gauge measurements with 14 metereological sensors (METEO-TT & METEO-WSDT), 19 GSG-xx strain sensors and 22 AC-53 triaxial force balance accelerometers. A single CR-4 PC-based recording system is used for running programs, SEISLOG data acquisition, CENTRAL remote access, CMS, and static data processing. A telephone line connection to the traffic control centre is provided for data, event and alarm transmission. Another great solution using GeoSIG instruments, showing that quality and reliability can also be cost-effective.  

  Download Humber Bridge, England Case Study   Background   When opened in 1981, the Humber Bridge in the UK was the largest single span bridge in the world with a total length of 2,220m. It spans the Humber estuary between Barton-upon-Humber on the south bank and Hessle on the north bank, connecting the East Riding of Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire. The road distance in the UK between Hull and Grimsby was reduced by nearly 80km as a result of this transportation achievement. Where the UK leads, the rest of the world eventually follows; in 1998 it was surpassed by Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan, and today the Humber Bridge in the UK is further down the list of largest single span bridges.    Challenge   Bridge monitoring has since moved into the 21st century with technology changes that have moved away from analogue to digital bridge monitoring solutions. Such new technologies bring with them the need re-evaluate the most suitable monitoring solutions, and in this instance re-evaluations were necessary on the modal properties of the Humber Bridge alongside the viability of using standalone recorders with provision timing (via GPS) to provide histories of response within the analysis of such an extended open space structure. The Humber Bridge as designed can tolerate constant motion and bends more than 3 m in winds of 129 km/hr (80 mph), at which point safety factors emerge; but the towers, although both vertical, are not parallel — these being under 50mm further apart at the top than at the bottom.   Solution   An international team comprising: Prof. JMW Brownjohn, University of Sheffield, UK; Dr. Paul Reynolds, University of Sheffield, UK; Mr. Chris Middleton, University of Sheffield, UK; Mr. Filipe Magalhaes, FEUP Porto, Portugal; Prof. Elsa Caetano, FEUP Porto, Portugal; Prof. Ivan Au, City University Hong Kong; and Prof. Paul Lam, City University Hong Kong; with support from Dr. Ivan Munoz Diaz; Prof. Aleksandar Pavic; Dr. Stana Zivanovic; Mrs. Eunice Lawton; Mrs. Tuan Norhayati Tuan Chik and Mr. Mohammad Muaz Aldimashki from Sheffield; Prof. Alvaro Cunha from FEUP; and Mr John Cooper, Mr Peter Hill and Mr Ian Allenby from Humber Bridge Board, tested the bridge during the week 14-18 July 2008 as part of an EPSRC-funded research project: EP/F035403/1, Novel Data Mining and Performance Diagnosis Systems for Structural Health Monitoring of Suspension Bridges. Monitoring done in 1985 was analogue, and the tapes were no longer readable. The new study involved new instruments consisting of 10 GSR-24’s utilising internal or external accelerometers, all brought together from FEUP and Sheffield. The testing was divided into 28 measurements spanning five days. For example on day 2, measurements concentrated on the southern part of the bridge, in the direction of the town of Barton. Each of the box sections of the bridge, is identified by an odd number with prefix b (for Barton, south) or h (for Hessle, north). Recordings were made mainly at alternate hanger locations, in each case maintaining at least one fixed (reference) location on the main span. The set of seven measurements on day 2 used a reference pair (21h) on the Hessle side and one (49b) on the Barton side, with the remaining three pairs of recorders roving on the Barton side with 10 minutes to relocate between one-hour recordings. Measurements included one at the Barton tower (78b) including locations 77b/79b across the bearings, then moved into the Barton side span. Measurement setup 14a was a short recording to cross-check calibrations. The configuration for measurement setup 9 is shown in Figure 3. The red dots indicate the 10 recorder locations.

  Download Metsovo Bridge, Greece Case Study   Background   Metsovo Bridge is a highway bridge in the course of the east-west connection “Egnatia Odos” in the north of Greece. The 4-span, totally 540 m long prestressed concrete bridge traverses an approximately 120 m deep ravine and lies between two tunnel portals. The main span is given with 235 m. The deck is constructed to the balanced cantilever method. Both main piers are founded on shafts with diameters of 12 m and length up to 25 m.   Challenge   The bridge design is governed mainly by the high seismic loads in this region. It has been noted that Greece and the surrounding area is the most seismically active region of Europe. The scope of the project was monitoring the structure with respect to ground motions and other ambient dynamic activity such as dynamic loads imposed by traffic, environmental effects, etc.   Solution   With their impressive experience in this field, our Partner in Greece, Eurotech SA, was chosen to offer a bridge monitoring solution. For more than 25 years, Eurotech has provided large construction projects and industry in Greece with measuring instruments and specialised equipment, as well as consulting services. The system for Metsovo Bridge is composed of two main sensor groups and the central acquisition computer. The first group measures the acceleration of the ground and vibrations of the bridge with four AC-63 triaxial force balance accelerometers, which are placed on the basement of two main pylons and in the maintenance tunnel below the deck. The second group consists of 14 GSG-XX strain gauge sensors and four GSLVDT displacement transducers, as well as a meteorological sensor (METEOWDST) to measure wind speed and direction. The displacement transducers are located at the end of the bridge at the conjunction point between the bridge and the ground, whereas the strain gauge sensors are positioned in different points along the bridge (see figure). All measured data are acquired at the Central Recording Unit (CR-5P), which integrates the digitiser board and an industrial PC in one platform, simply controlled through the Windows XP operating system. The measured data are managed by GeoSIG-developed seismic software GeoDAS. Another Solution using GeoSIG instruments and a capable Partner effectively showing that quality and reliability can also be cost-effective.

  Download Natural Caverns, Brazil Case Study   Background   People have been using metals for more than 9,000 years when they first discovered how to get copper from its ore. We use metals in every facet of our lives, from the pipes and fasteners in our homes to the vehicles we use to travel to the tools used by surgeons or mechanics or artists. We wear jewelry. We build computers. Metals are an intrinsic part of our everyday lives. Because metals are found in the earth, they must be mined. Vale SA is a multinational corporation that is engaged in metals and mining; it is one of the largest logistics operators in Brazil. Vale is the largest producer of iron ore and nickel in the world, but it also produces manganese, ferroalloys, copper, bauxite, potash, kaolin, and cobalt.   Challenge   The objective of the project was to monitor the stability and impact of nearby mining activities on a series of small natural caverns located in Brazil, which are protected by Brazil environmental regulations. Vale wanted to present to the authorities real data to ensure their mining activities would not impact the protected caverns.   Solution   Our Partner, Fugro Brazil, won a contract with Vale to do the monitoring project for several natural caverns. Fugro is the world’s largest integrator of geotechnical, survey, subsea and geosciences services. Its services are specifically designed to support engineering design and large structure building projects. In one cavern, they placed a GMSplus6, which was attached to two LVDT-100 transducers and a temperature and humidity sensor. In two further caverns they placed two GMSplus6 (for a total of four), which were attached to four LVDT-100 transducers and two temperature and humidity sensors, as well as a power controller and battery. Due to the remoteness of the mines, satellite communication and solar panels were used for monitoring the mines as well as providing state of health information about the equipment/instrument for near online monitoring. Fugro through their cloud servers and their monitoring team are able to provide continuous monitoring and provide alerts, as may be the case, as well as periodical management reports. Another Solution using GeoSIG instruments demonstrating that quality and reliability can also be cost effective.

  Download 11 Airports Project, South Korea Case Study Background Airports are an essential element in a nation’s transportation system. In 2016, the top 10 airports in South Korea transported over 135 million passengers. The world over, all airports strive to provide a fully integrated, safe, and seamless transportation link for the people they serve through an efficient airport system that will help build upon economic development success and improve quality of life. Challenge Part of providing a safe transportation link is to anticipate potential dangers and actively work to monitor and prevent them (or if they are unavoidable, to have a plan of action after they happen). After a powerful earthquake rocked South Korea in September 2016, it was reported in The Telegraph (13.9.2016) that “experts warned that recent earthquakes in nearby Japan had destabilised fault lines in Korea, adding fuel to fears the peninsula was no longer a ‘safe zone.’” Korean airports have long understood that earthquakes are a potential danger, so many have taken steps to implement seismic monitoring systems and construct integrated networks to help them carry-out contingency plans. Solution Our local partner, EJtech Co. Ltd (www.ejtech.net), has offered top-level engineering services since its founding in 1994. EJtech specialises in soft-ground monitoring, structural behaviour monitoring, civil engineering, ground investigation, geotomography, measurement automation and network systems, among others — utilising the most advanced IT and robust technology. EJtech was asked to provide seismic monitoring systems and integrated networks for 11 Korean airports. In general, monitoring of airports is advised as airport buildings are highly sensitive structures due to the fact that they sustain continuous vibration from their environment, as well as the fact that if there were an earthquake the health of the structure could be assessed rapidly to decide whether the structure is safe to continue its operation or whether the nature of the damage can be assessed to decide on remedial work. Also, the data received from the sensor can be used for proactive maintenance plans for the monitored building. Each airport has its unique configuration based on the size of the building and the control tower. EJtech has provided the required systems to enable a comprehensive monitoring of each airport building, the control tower and a free field location at each airport. To effectively and efficiently monitor each airport building and the control tower a combination of AC-71, AC-72 and AC-73 accelerometers are installed, which connect to a host of 3-channel and 6-channel GMSplus digitiser/recorders using fibre optic connectivity due to long distances in a typical airport. This creates a fully integrated local seismic and vibration monitoring system for each airport. The data from all the sensors are received in a data centre, which could be on site or at a remote location for near real-time analysis to monitor the health of the structures on an on-going basis. As these 11 airports are owned by the same company, they are integrated on their internal network so that there is a dedicated data centre used for the monitoring of all the 11 airports within their secure IT setup. Another Solution using GeoSIG instruments and a capable Partner effectively showing that quality and reliability can also be cost-effective.